HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE, PATHOPHYSIOLOGY AND BACTERIOLOGY OF PLEURAL
INFECTION This section provides background information for reference, interest and to set …

Arguments over the definition of obstructive sleep apnoea/hypopnoea syndrome (OSAHS)
have still not been satisfactorily resolved. As a result, robust estimates of the prevalence of …

We conducted a systematic review of current evidence on the effectiveness of continuous
positive airway pressure (CPAP) for treatment of obstructive sleep apnoea–hypopnoea …

Background Obstructive sleep apnoea is associated with raised blood pressure. If blood
pressure can be reduced by nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP), such …

Background Intrapleural fibrinolytic agents are used in the drainage of infected pleural-fluid
collections. This use is based on small trials that did not have the statistical power to …

… Robert Davies was also responsible for study design and execution. Rebecca Mullins was
responsible for entry of patients to the study, collection of clinical measurements, and data …

Background More than 30% of patients with pleural infection either die or require surgery.
Drainage of infected fluid is key to successful treatment, but intrapleural fibrinolytic therapy did …

… Davies reported serving on the speakers' bureau for AstraZeneca. Dr Lee reported receiving
honoraria from CareFusion and Sequana Medical as an advisory board member. Dr Miller …

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and members of their signaling pathway are important in the
initiation of the innate immune response to a wide variety of pathogens 1 , 2 , 3 . The adaptor …

Background Over 200 000 pleural effusions are attributable to cancer in the UK and USA every
year. Cytological examination of pleural fluid classifies about 60% of malignant effusions. …