Background Sputum smears for acid-fast bacilli(AFB) examined microscopically is the most
important diagnostic test for pulmonary tuberculosis. However, the AFB observed on the …

Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is the most frequent nosocomial infection in the
intensive care unit (ICU), with an incidence ranging from 8% to 38%. Patients who acquire VAP …

Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) is a useful,
safe diagnostic modality for evaluating mediastinal and hilar lymphadenopathy. We report …

Methotrexate (MTX) has been used to treat a wide range of malignant and benign diseases
including osteosarcoma, advanced stage non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, psoriasis, severe …

Background: fiuoroquinolones (FQs) are the most important second-line drugs for multidrug-resistant
tuberculosis (MDR-TB) treatment. Therapeutic options for FQ-resistant (FQ-R) MDR/…

PURPOSE: The dichotomous limited and extensive disease classification has been widely
employed for small cell lung cancer (SCLC). However, the IASLC proposed that UICC-7 TNM …

Tetanus is a neurologic disorder caused by a tetanospasmin released from Clostridium
tetani and usually occurs following a stab wound or dirty abrasion. Tetanus is uncommon in …

Background: CA 19-9 is a useful marker for the diagnosis of gastrointestinal cancer including
pancreatic cancer. However, there are several previous studies about CA 19-9 elevation in …

Background: Recently epidemiological surveillances show that viral pneumonia is more
commonly reported than previously estimated. However, to date, little information is available in …

Background: Interferon-gamma release assays (IGRAs) are used widely for diagnosinglatent
tuberculosis (TB) infection. However, the diagnostic value of IGRAs for active TB is unclear, …