Anticholinergics are widely used for the treatment of COPD, and to a lesser extent for asthma.
Primarily used as bronchodilators, they reverse the action of vagally derived acetylcholine …

Rationale: Recent findings have demonstrated that muscarinic M 3 receptor stimulation
enhances airway smooth muscle proliferation to peptide growth factors in vitro. Because both …

Chronic airways diseases, including asthma, are associated with an increased airway
smooth muscle (ASM) mass, which may contribute to chronic airway hyperresponsiveness. …

For many years it has been supposed that the production of an excess of nitric oxide (NO)
by inducible NO synthase (iNOS) plays a major role in inflammatory diseases, including …

Allergic asthma is a chronic inflammatory airways' disease, characterized by allergen‐induced
early and late bronchial obstructive reactions, airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), airway …

Introduction β-Blockers are known to worsen FEV 1 and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR)
in patients with asthma. Both characteristics determine the outcome of COPD, a disease …

Changes in the ECM and increased airway smooth muscle (ASM) mass are major
contributors to airway remodeling in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. It has …

Airway remodelling and emphysema are major structural abnormalities in chronic obstructive
pulmonary disease (COPD). In addition, pulmonary vascular remodelling may occur and …

A deficiency of constitutive nitric oxide synthase (cNOS)‐derived nitric oxide (NO), due to
reduced availability of L‐arginine, importantly contributes to allergen‐induced airway …

Airway smooth muscle (ASM) plays a key role in the development of airway
hyperresponsiveness and remodeling in asthma, which may involve maturation of ASM cells to a …