Rationale: Patients with interstitial lung disease and acute respiratory failure have a poor
prognosis especially if mechanical ventilation is required. Objectives: To investigate the …

Background Effective antimicrobial treatment is key to reduce mortality associated with bacterial
sepsis in patients on intensive care units (ICUs). Dose adjustments are often necessary …

Bacterial pathogens are a leading cause of lung infections and contribute to acute
exacerbations in patients with chronic respiratory diseases. The innate immune system of the …

Purpose The question of whether cancer patients with severe respiratory failure benefit from
veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (vv-ECMO) remains unanswered. We, …

We thank Fernandez-Cruz et al for their thoughtful comments in explaining the right time to
initiate corticosteroids for coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19). We are eager to read their article …

The IL-17 family of cytokines consists of at least six members (IL-17A to -F). IL-17 directly
activates epithelial cells leading to the expression of inflammatory mediators and antimicrobial …

Background The combination of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and
chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with a higher prevalence of comorbidities and …

Chronic diseases of the respiratory tract, such as cystic fibrosis, are associated with mucosal
and systemic hypoxia. Innate immune functions of airway epithelial cells are required to …

Background Early prognostication of COVID-19 severity will potentially improve patient care.
Biomarkers, such as TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), interferon gamma-…

Extracorporeal life support (ECLS) is a means to support patients with acute respiratory failure.
Initially, recommendations to treat severe cases of pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 (…