Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive and ultimately fatal disease characterised
by fibrosis of the lung parenchyma and loss of lung function. Although the pathogenic …

Complement is an ancient danger-sensing system that contributes to host defense, immune
surveillance and homeostasis 1 . C5a and its G protein–coupled receptor mediate many of …

Antagonizing the human M3 muscarinic receptor (hM3R) over a long time is a key feature of
modern bronchodilating COPD drugs aiming at symptom relief. The long duration of action …

Spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) is a key regulatory factor in the IgE-mediated allergic signal
transduction pathway in mast cells and basophils. Syk is phosphorylated on a number of …

The spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) is a key mediator of immunoreceptor signaling in immune
cells. Thus, interfering with the function of Syk by genetic deletion or pharmacological …

BI 1002494 [(R)-4-{(R)-1-[7-(3,4,5-trimethoxy-phenyl)-[1,6]napthyridin-5-yloxy]-ethyl}pyrrolidin-2-one]
is a novel, potent, and selective spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) inhibitor with …

Background and Purpose Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a fatal respiratory disease
characterized by excessive fibroblast activation ultimately leading to scarring of the lungs. …

Background and Purpose β 2 ‐adrenoceptor agonists are widely used in the management
of obstructive airway diseases. Besides their bronchodilatory effect, several studies suggest …

Mast cells are central effector cells in allergic asthma and are augmented in the airways of
asthma patients. Attenuating mast cell degranulation and with it the early asthmatic response …

Excessive coughing is a common feature of airway diseases. Different G-protein coupled
receptors, including β2-adrenergic receptors (β2-AR), have been implicated in the molecular …