Increased sympathetic activity is a well-known pathophysiological mechanism in insulin
resistance (IR) and hypertension (HT). The carotid bodies (CB) are peripheral chemoreceptors …

European medical students should have acquired adequate prescribing competencies
before graduation, but it is not known whether this is the case. In this international multicenter …

We tested the hypothesis that long-term caffeine intake prevents the development of insulin
resistance and hypertension in two pathological animal models: the high-fat (HF) and the …

The carotid bodies (CB) are peripheral chemoreceptors that sense changes in arterial blood
O 2 , CO 2 , and pH levels. Hypoxia, hypercapnia, and acidosis activate the CB, which …

The effect of hypoxia on the release of adenosine was studied in vitro in the rat whole carotid
body (CB) and compared with the effect of hypoxia (2%, 5% and 10% O 2 ) on adenosine …

The increasing knowledge of the mechanisms involved in metabolism is shifting the paradigms
by which the pathophysiology of many pulmonary diseases is understood. Metabolic …

In this review encouraged by original data, we first provided in vivo evidence that the kidney,
comparative to the liver or brain, is an organ particularly rich in cysteine. In the kidney, the …

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a highly prevalent sleep-related breathing disorder which
is associated with patient morbidity and an elevated risk of developing hypertension and …

Excitatory effects of adenosine and ATP on carotid body (CB) chemoreception have been
previously described. Our hypothesis is that both ATP and adenosine are the key …

Purpose The pharmacology and clinical pharmacology and therapeutics (CPT) education
during the undergraduate medical curriculum of NOVA Medical School, Lisbon, Portugal, was …