Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) consists of sleep-related repetitive obstructions of upper
airways that generate episodes of recurrent or intermittent hypoxia (IH). OSA commonly …

Cigarette smoke (CS) and chronic hypoxia (CH) can produce pulmonary hypertension.
Similarities and differences between both exposures and their interaction have not been explored…

Aims/hypothesis We recently described that carotid body (CB) over-activation is involved in
the aetiology of insulin resistance and arterial hypertension in animal models of the …

Key points Leptin plays a role in the control of breathing, acting mainly on central nervous
system; however, leptin receptors have been recently shown to be expressed in the carotid …

The early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic presented the characteristics of a traumatic event
that could trigger post-traumatic stress disorder. Emergency Medical Services workers are …

Epidemiological studies showed that chronic caffeine intake decreased the risk of type 2
diabetes. Previously, we described that chronic caffeine intake prevents and reverses insulin …

Obstructive sleep apnea is a frequent medical condition consisting in repetitive sleep‐related
episodes of upper airways obstruction and concurrent events of arterial blood hypoxia. …

Key points Episodes of intermittent hypoxia, as produced in obstructive sleep apnoea, cause
a carotid‐driven sympathetic hyperactivity and an oxidative status leading to cardiovascular …

The association between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and metabolic disorders is well-established;
however, the underlying mechanisms that elucidate this relationship remain …

Key points Adenosine and ATP are excitatory neurotransmitters involved in the carotid body
(CB) response to hypoxia. During ageing the CB exhibits a decline in its functionality, …