Diseases of the respiratory tract are among the leading causes of death in the world population.
Increasing evidence points to a key role of the innate immune system with its pattern …

Streptococcus pneumoniae is both a frequent colonizer of the upper respiratory tract and a
leading cause of life‐threatening infections such as pneumonia, meningitis and sepsis. The …

Influenza A virus causes epidemics of respiratory diseases in humans leading to thousands
of death annually. One of its major virulence factors, the non‐structural protein 1 (NS1), …

Pneumonia, a common disease caused by a great diversity of infectious agents is responsible
for enormous morbidity and mortality worldwide. The bronchial and lung epithelium …

The processing of pro-interleukin-1β depends on activation of caspase-1. Controversy has
arisen whether Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands alone can activate caspase-1 for release of …

Streptococcus pneumoniae, the major cause of community-acquired pneumonia and bacterial
meningitis, has been shown to transiently invade epithelial and endothelial cells. Innate …

COVID-19 is highly variable in its clinical presentation, ranging from asymptomatic infection
to severe organ damage and death. We characterized the time-dependent progression of …

Streptococcus pneumoniae is a leading cause of pneumonia, meningitis, and sepsis.
Pneumococci can be divided into> 90 serotypes that show differences in the pathogenicity and …

Macrophages can be niches for bacterial pathogens or antibacterial effector cells depending
on the pathogen and signals from the immune system. Here we show that type I and II IFNs …

Different NOD-like receptors, including NLRP1, NLRP3, and NLRC4, as well as the recently
identified HIN-200 protein, AIM2, form multiprotein complexes called inflammasomes, which …