Nuclear export of microRNAs (miRNAs) by exportin-5 (Exp-5) is an essential step in miRNA
biogenesis. Here, we present the 2.9 angstrom structure of the pre-miRNA nuclear export …

‘Florigen’ was proposed 75 years ago 1 to be synthesized in the leaf and transported to the
shoot apex, where it induces flowering. Only recently have genetic and biochemical studies …

Antibodies against the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein
prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, the effects of antibodies against other spike protein …

The complexity of the immune system mirrors its manifold mechanisms of host-microbe
interactions. A relatively simplified view was posited after the identification of host innate immune …

Background: The enzyme methylmalonyl-coenzyme A (CoA) mutase, an αβ heterodimer of
150 kDa, is a member of a class of enzymes that uses coenzyme B 12 (adenosylcobalamin) …

The potency of oral administration of peptidoglycan (PG) derived from Bifidobacterium
thermophilum was examined. PG was administered to kuruma shrimps through the diet at 0.2 mg/…

Favipiravir is an oral broad-spectrum inhibitor of viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase that
is approved for treatment of influenza in Japan. We conducted a prospective, randomized, …

Introduction Retrospective studies have shown immune-related adverse events (irAEs) to
be associated with better prognosis. However, no prospective clinical trials have been …

We previously reported that afferent signals of the rat hepatic vagus increased upon intraportal
appearance of insulinotropic hormone glucagon-like peptide-1(7-36) amide (GLP-1), but …

FLOWER colours, from red through purple to blue, are mostly from anthocyanins, a type of
flavonoid 1–5 . Although there are many colours, only a few anthocyanidins, chromophores of …