Objectives We built and validated a new heart failure (HF) prognostic model which integrates
cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) parameters with easy-to-obtain clinical, laboratory, …

To the Editor: In heart failure (HF), measurement of cardiac output (CO) during exercise is
important to define severity of the disease (1). Simultaneous measurements of oxygen …

Aims Risk stratification in heart failure (HF) is crucial for clinical and therapeutic management.
A multiparametric approach is the best method to stratify prognosis. In 2012, the Metabolic …

Background Several β-blockers, with different pharmacological characteristics, are available
for heart failure (HF) treatment. We compared Carvedilol (β1–β2–α-blocker), Bisoprolol (β1-…

Aims Exercise‐derived parameters, specifically peak exercise oxygen uptake (peak VO 2 )
and minute ventilation/carbon dioxide relationship slope (VE/VCO 2 slope), have a pivotal …

Background— In patients with heart failure (HF), during maximal cardiopulmonary exercise
test, anaerobic threshold (AT) is not always identified. We evaluated whether this finding has …

Aim: To assess the effect of chronotropic incompetence on functional capacity in chronic
heart failure (CHF) patients, as evaluated as NYHA and peak oxygen consumption (pVO 2 ), …

Aims To evaluate whether anti-aldosteronic treatment influences lung diffusion (DLCO) in
chronic heart failure (HF) patients. Spironolactone improves clinical conditions and prognosis …

Background Heart failure (HF) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) coexistence
increases morbidity and mortality. The intercept of ventilation ( VEint ) on the VE vs. …

Background Carvedilol is a β‐blocker with similar affinity for β 1 ‐ and β 2 receptors, while
bisoprolol has higher β 1 affinity. The respiratory system is characterized by β 2 ‐receptor …