Severe persistent asthma causes a substantial morbidity and mortality burden and is frequently
not well controlled, despite intensive guideline-based therapy. The unique monoclonal …

CTLA-4 molecule, expressed by activated T and B lymphocytes, transduces an inhibitory
signal. Increasing evidence showed CTLA-4 gene as an important susceptibility locus for …

Background Bronchial asthma is a heterogeneous disease characterized by three cardinal
features: chronic inflammation, variable airflow obstruction, and airway hyperresponsiveness. …

Severe asthma (SA) is a clinically and etiologically heterogeneous respiratory disease which
affects among 5–10 % of asthmatic patients. Despite high-dose therapy, a large patients …

Celiac disease (CD) is a multifactorial disorder influenced by environmental, genetic and
immunological factors. Increasing evidence showed CTLA-4 gene as an important …

Background Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a progressive lung disorder
characterized by poorly reversible airway obstruction and its pathogenesis remains largely …

Although different phenotypes of severe asthma can be identified, all are characterized by
common symptoms. Due to their heterogeneity, they exhibit differences in pathogenesis, …

The modifications of the subsets of circulating lymphocytes were evaluated in a group of
patients with COPD undergoing treatment with a polyvalent mechanical bacterial lysate (PMBL), …

Precision medicine (PM) can be defined as a structural model aimed at customizing healthcare,
with medical decisions/products tailored on an individual patient at a highly detailed level…

A role in pulmonary immunity has been ascribed to Natural Killer (NK) cells and several in
vitro studies have shown a corticosteroid-induced inhibition of NK cells mediated cytotoxicity. …