Background. The recent Infectious Disease Society of America/American Thoracic Society
guidelines for the management of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in adults defined a …

Rationale: Most current information on hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) is extrapolated
from patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). No studies have evaluated HAP in …

Background and Objective Twenty per cent of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
patients are readmitted for acute exacerbation (AECOPD) within 30 days of discharge. The …

Background Patients with severe community-acquired pneumonia (SCAP) and life-threatening
acute respiratory failure may require invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV). Since use of …

Background The 2005 guidelines of the American Thoracic Society-Infectious Diseases Society
of America Guidelines for Hospital for managing hospital-acquired pneumonia classified …

Background Microbial aetiology of intensive care unit (ICU)-acquired pneumonia (ICUAP)
determines antibiotic treatment and outcomes. The impact of polymicrobial ICUAP is not …

Background There is only limited information on mortality over extended periods in
hospitalized patients with pneumococcal community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). We aimed to …

In patients with pneumococcal community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), the risk factors for
bacteraemia and its impact on outcomes are not fully elucidated. We aimed to compare …

BACKGROUND: Nursing home-acquired pneumonia (NHAP) is the leading cause of death
among long-term care patients and the second most common cause of transfers to acute …

Background: Intensive care unit-acquired pneumonia (ICU-AP) is a severe complication in
patients admitted to the ICU. Lymphocytopenia is a marker of poor prognosis in patients with …