ART antiretroviral therapy BCG bacille Calmette–Guérin CDC Centers for Disease Control and Prevention COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease DILI drug-induced liver injury DM diabetes mellitus DOTS directly observed therapy, short course DR-TB drug-resistant tuberculosis DST drug-susceptibility testing EPTB extrapulmonary tuberculosis ETTB extrathoracic tuberculosis IFN interferon IGRA interferon- release assay IUATLD International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease LFT liver function tests LTBI latent tuberculosis infection MDR-TB multidrug-resistant tuberculosis MIC minimum inhibitory concentration MTBC Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex NGO nongovernmental organisation NTM nontuberculous mycobacteria PAS para-aminosalicylic acid PTB pulmonary tuberculosis RCT randomised controlled clinical trial RR-TB rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis SDGs sustainable development goals SLIDs second-line injectable drugs TB tuberculosis TDM therapeutic drug monitoring TST tuberculin skin test WHO World Health Organization XDR-TB extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis List of abbreviations