AHI Apnoea–hypopnoea index BMI Body mass index BP Blood pressure BPAP Bilevel positive airway pressure COPD Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease CPAP Continuous positive airway pressure CSA Central sleep apnoea CVD Cardiovascular disease DBP Diastolic blood pressure EDS Excessive daytime sleepiness EPAP Expiratory positive airway pressure ESS Epworth Sleepiness Scale FEV1 Forced expiratory volume in 1 s FRC Functional residual capacity FVC Forced vital capacity HF Heart failure IH Intermittent hypoxia IL Interleukin IPAP Inspiratory positive airway pressure MAD Mandibular advancement device ODI Oxygen desaturation index OSA Obstructive sleep apnoea PAP Positive airway pressure PSG Polysomnography RCT Randomised controlled trial RDI Respiratory disturbance index REM Rapid eye movement SBP Systolic blood pressure TNF Tumour necrosis factor UA Upper airways List of abbreviations