Summary:
Different T-cell subtypes are involved in the pathogenesis of asthma. Cytokines and contact signals, together with dendritic cells and the thymic epithelium, drive the inflammatory process into various cell lines (blue circle), maintaining inflammatory responses involved in asthma and airway hyperreactivity. GM-CSF: granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor; TNF: tumour necrosis factor; IFN: interferon; NKT: natural killer T-cell; Th: T-helper; iTreg: inducible regulatory T-cell. Reproduced and modified from Holgate (2012), with permission from the publisher.
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Figure
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F105
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Contributors:
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