Adolfo Baloira Villar
- Treat-to-target approach in pulmonary arterial hypertension: a consensus-based proposalBy Olivier Sitbon, Adolfo Baloira Villar, Fabrice Bauer, Björn Ekmehag, Wendy Gin-Sing, Kjell Jansson, David G. Kiely, Hanno Leuchte, Alessandra Manes, Stephan Rosenkranz and Pilar EscribanoOlivier Sitbon*Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine, #AP-HP, Centre de Référence de l‘Hypertension Pulmonaire Sévère, Service de Pneumologie, CHU de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, ¶INSERM U999, IPSIT, Centre Chirurgical Marie-Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, §Centre de Compétences de l'Hypertension Pulmonaire, Service de Cardiologie, Pôle Thorax, Hôpital Charles-Nicolle, and fUniversité de Rouen, Faculté de Médecine, INSERM 1096, Rouen, France. +Dept of Pneumology, Hospital Montecelo, Pontevedra, +++Pulmonary Hypertension Unit, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, §§§Dept of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain. **Norrtälje Hospital, Norrtälje, ##Dept of Cardiology, Lund University, Lund, ++Depts of Cardiology and Physiology, Linköping University Hospital, §§IMH Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden. ¶¶Dept of Cardiology, Hammersmith Hospital, London, ffSheffield Pulmonary Vascular Disease Unit, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, UK. ***Medical Dept II, Neuwittelsbach Hospital, Munich, ¶¶¶Klinik III für Innere Medizin, Universität zu Köln, Cologne, Germany, ###Institute of Cardiology, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy.*Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine, #AP-HP, Centre de Référence de l‘Hypertension Pulmonaire Sévère, Service de Pneumologie, CHU de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, ¶INSERM U999, IPSIT, Centre Chirurgical Marie-Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, §Centre de Compétences de l'Hypertension Pulmonaire, Service de Cardiologie, Pôle Thorax, Hôpital Charles-Nicolle, and fUniversité de Rouen, Faculté de Médecine, INSERM 1096, Rouen, France. +Dept of Pneumology, Hospital Montecelo, Pontevedra, +++Pulmonary Hypertension Unit, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, §§§Dept of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain. **Norrtälje Hospital, Norrtälje, ##Dept of Cardiology, Lund University, Lund, ++Depts of Cardiology and Physiology, Linköping University Hospital, §§IMH Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden. ¶¶Dept of Cardiology, Hammersmith Hospital, London, ffSheffield Pulmonary Vascular Disease Unit, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, UK. ***Medical Dept II, Neuwittelsbach Hospital, Munich, ¶¶¶Klinik III für Innere Medizin, Universität zu Köln, Cologne, Germany, ###Institute of Cardiology, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy.*Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine, #AP-HP, Centre de Référence de l‘Hypertension Pulmonaire Sévère, Service de Pneumologie, CHU de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, ¶INSERM U999, IPSIT, Centre Chirurgical Marie-Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, §Centre de Compétences de l'Hypertension Pulmonaire, Service de Cardiologie, Pôle Thorax, Hôpital Charles-Nicolle, and fUniversité de Rouen, Faculté de Médecine, INSERM 1096, Rouen, France. +Dept of Pneumology, Hospital Montecelo, Pontevedra, +++Pulmonary Hypertension Unit, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, §§§Dept of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain. **Norrtälje Hospital, Norrtälje, ##Dept of Cardiology, Lund University, Lund, ++Depts of Cardiology and Physiology, Linköping University Hospital, §§IMH Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden. ¶¶Dept of Cardiology, Hammersmith Hospital, London, ffSheffield Pulmonary Vascular Disease Unit, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, UK. ***Medical Dept II, Neuwittelsbach Hospital, Munich, ¶¶¶Klinik III für Innere Medizin, Universität zu Köln, Cologne, Germany, ###Institute of Cardiology, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy.Adolfo Baloira Villar*Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine, #AP-HP, Centre de Référence de l‘Hypertension Pulmonaire Sévère, Service de Pneumologie, CHU de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, ¶INSERM U999, IPSIT, Centre Chirurgical Marie-Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, §Centre de Compétences de l'Hypertension Pulmonaire, Service de Cardiologie, Pôle Thorax, Hôpital Charles-Nicolle, and fUniversité de Rouen, Faculté de Médecine, INSERM 1096, Rouen, France. +Dept of Pneumology, Hospital Montecelo, Pontevedra, +++Pulmonary Hypertension Unit, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, §§§Dept of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain. **Norrtälje Hospital, Norrtälje, ##Dept of Cardiology, Lund University, Lund, ++Depts of Cardiology and Physiology, Linköping University Hospital, §§IMH Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden. ¶¶Dept of Cardiology, Hammersmith Hospital, London, ffSheffield Pulmonary Vascular Disease Unit, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, UK. ***Medical Dept II, Neuwittelsbach Hospital, Munich, ¶¶¶Klinik III für Innere Medizin, Universität zu Köln, Cologne, Germany, ###Institute of Cardiology, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy.Fabrice Bauer*Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine, #AP-HP, Centre de Référence de l‘Hypertension Pulmonaire Sévère, Service de Pneumologie, CHU de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, ¶INSERM U999, IPSIT, Centre Chirurgical Marie-Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, §Centre de Compétences de l'Hypertension Pulmonaire, Service de Cardiologie, Pôle Thorax, Hôpital Charles-Nicolle, and fUniversité de Rouen, Faculté de Médecine, INSERM 1096, Rouen, France. +Dept of Pneumology, Hospital Montecelo, Pontevedra, +++Pulmonary Hypertension Unit, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, §§§Dept of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain. **Norrtälje Hospital, Norrtälje, ##Dept of Cardiology, Lund University, Lund, ++Depts of Cardiology and Physiology, Linköping University Hospital, §§IMH Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden. ¶¶Dept of Cardiology, Hammersmith Hospital, London, ffSheffield Pulmonary Vascular Disease Unit, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, UK. ***Medical Dept II, Neuwittelsbach Hospital, Munich, ¶¶¶Klinik III für Innere Medizin, Universität zu Köln, Cologne, Germany, ###Institute of Cardiology, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy.*Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine, #AP-HP, Centre de Référence de l‘Hypertension Pulmonaire Sévère, Service de Pneumologie, CHU de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, ¶INSERM U999, IPSIT, Centre Chirurgical Marie-Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, §Centre de Compétences de l'Hypertension Pulmonaire, Service de Cardiologie, Pôle Thorax, Hôpital Charles-Nicolle, and fUniversité de Rouen, Faculté de Médecine, INSERM 1096, Rouen, France. +Dept of Pneumology, Hospital Montecelo, Pontevedra, +++Pulmonary Hypertension Unit, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, §§§Dept of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain. **Norrtälje Hospital, Norrtälje, ##Dept of Cardiology, Lund University, Lund, ++Depts of Cardiology and Physiology, Linköping University Hospital, §§IMH Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden. ¶¶Dept of Cardiology, Hammersmith Hospital, London, ffSheffield Pulmonary Vascular Disease Unit, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, UK. ***Medical Dept II, Neuwittelsbach Hospital, Munich, ¶¶¶Klinik III für Innere Medizin, Universität zu Köln, Cologne, Germany, ###Institute of Cardiology, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy.Björn Ekmehag*Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine, #AP-HP, Centre de Référence de l‘Hypertension Pulmonaire Sévère, Service de Pneumologie, CHU de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, ¶INSERM U999, IPSIT, Centre Chirurgical Marie-Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, §Centre de Compétences de l'Hypertension Pulmonaire, Service de Cardiologie, Pôle Thorax, Hôpital Charles-Nicolle, and fUniversité de Rouen, Faculté de Médecine, INSERM 1096, Rouen, France. +Dept of Pneumology, Hospital Montecelo, Pontevedra, +++Pulmonary Hypertension Unit, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, §§§Dept of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain. **Norrtälje Hospital, Norrtälje, ##Dept of Cardiology, Lund University, Lund, ++Depts of Cardiology and Physiology, Linköping University Hospital, §§IMH Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden. ¶¶Dept of Cardiology, Hammersmith Hospital, London, ffSheffield Pulmonary Vascular Disease Unit, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, UK. ***Medical Dept II, Neuwittelsbach Hospital, Munich, ¶¶¶Klinik III für Innere Medizin, Universität zu Köln, Cologne, Germany, ###Institute of Cardiology, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy.*Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine, #AP-HP, Centre de Référence de l‘Hypertension Pulmonaire Sévère, Service de Pneumologie, CHU de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, ¶INSERM U999, IPSIT, Centre Chirurgical Marie-Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, §Centre de Compétences de l'Hypertension Pulmonaire, Service de Cardiologie, Pôle Thorax, Hôpital Charles-Nicolle, and fUniversité de Rouen, Faculté de Médecine, INSERM 1096, Rouen, France. +Dept of Pneumology, Hospital Montecelo, Pontevedra, +++Pulmonary Hypertension Unit, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, §§§Dept of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain. **Norrtälje Hospital, Norrtälje, ##Dept of Cardiology, Lund University, Lund, ++Depts of Cardiology and Physiology, Linköping University Hospital, §§IMH Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden. ¶¶Dept of Cardiology, Hammersmith Hospital, London, ffSheffield Pulmonary Vascular Disease Unit, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, UK. ***Medical Dept II, Neuwittelsbach Hospital, Munich, ¶¶¶Klinik III für Innere Medizin, Universität zu Köln, Cologne, Germany, ###Institute of Cardiology, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy.Wendy Gin-Sing*Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine, #AP-HP, Centre de Référence de l‘Hypertension Pulmonaire Sévère, Service de Pneumologie, CHU de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, ¶INSERM U999, IPSIT, Centre Chirurgical Marie-Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, §Centre de Compétences de l'Hypertension Pulmonaire, Service de Cardiologie, Pôle Thorax, Hôpital Charles-Nicolle, and fUniversité de Rouen, Faculté de Médecine, INSERM 1096, Rouen, France. +Dept of Pneumology, Hospital Montecelo, Pontevedra, +++Pulmonary Hypertension Unit, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, §§§Dept of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain. **Norrtälje Hospital, Norrtälje, ##Dept of Cardiology, Lund University, Lund, ++Depts of Cardiology and Physiology, Linköping University Hospital, §§IMH Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden. ¶¶Dept of Cardiology, Hammersmith Hospital, London, ffSheffield Pulmonary Vascular Disease Unit, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, UK. ***Medical Dept II, Neuwittelsbach Hospital, Munich, ¶¶¶Klinik III für Innere Medizin, Universität zu Köln, Cologne, Germany, ###Institute of Cardiology, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy.Kjell Jansson*Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine, #AP-HP, Centre de Référence de l‘Hypertension Pulmonaire Sévère, Service de Pneumologie, CHU de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, ¶INSERM U999, IPSIT, Centre Chirurgical Marie-Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, §Centre de Compétences de l'Hypertension Pulmonaire, Service de Cardiologie, Pôle Thorax, Hôpital Charles-Nicolle, and fUniversité de Rouen, Faculté de Médecine, INSERM 1096, Rouen, France. +Dept of Pneumology, Hospital Montecelo, Pontevedra, +++Pulmonary Hypertension Unit, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, §§§Dept of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain. **Norrtälje Hospital, Norrtälje, ##Dept of Cardiology, Lund University, Lund, ++Depts of Cardiology and Physiology, Linköping University Hospital, §§IMH Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden. ¶¶Dept of Cardiology, Hammersmith Hospital, London, ffSheffield Pulmonary Vascular Disease Unit, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, UK. ***Medical Dept II, Neuwittelsbach Hospital, Munich, ¶¶¶Klinik III für Innere Medizin, Universität zu Köln, Cologne, Germany, ###Institute of Cardiology, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy.*Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine, #AP-HP, Centre de Référence de l‘Hypertension Pulmonaire Sévère, Service de Pneumologie, CHU de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, ¶INSERM U999, IPSIT, Centre Chirurgical Marie-Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, §Centre de Compétences de l'Hypertension Pulmonaire, Service de Cardiologie, Pôle Thorax, Hôpital Charles-Nicolle, and fUniversité de Rouen, Faculté de Médecine, INSERM 1096, Rouen, France. +Dept of Pneumology, Hospital Montecelo, Pontevedra, +++Pulmonary Hypertension Unit, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, §§§Dept of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain. **Norrtälje Hospital, Norrtälje, ##Dept of Cardiology, Lund University, Lund, ++Depts of Cardiology and Physiology, Linköping University Hospital, §§IMH Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden. ¶¶Dept of Cardiology, Hammersmith Hospital, London, ffSheffield Pulmonary Vascular Disease Unit, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, UK. ***Medical Dept II, Neuwittelsbach Hospital, Munich, ¶¶¶Klinik III für Innere Medizin, Universität zu Köln, Cologne, Germany, ###Institute of Cardiology, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy.David G. Kiely*Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine, #AP-HP, Centre de Référence de l‘Hypertension Pulmonaire Sévère, Service de Pneumologie, CHU de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, ¶INSERM U999, IPSIT, Centre Chirurgical Marie-Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, §Centre de Compétences de l'Hypertension Pulmonaire, Service de Cardiologie, Pôle Thorax, Hôpital Charles-Nicolle, and fUniversité de Rouen, Faculté de Médecine, INSERM 1096, Rouen, France. +Dept of Pneumology, Hospital Montecelo, Pontevedra, +++Pulmonary Hypertension Unit, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, §§§Dept of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain. **Norrtälje Hospital, Norrtälje, ##Dept of Cardiology, Lund University, Lund, ++Depts of Cardiology and Physiology, Linköping University Hospital, §§IMH Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden. ¶¶Dept of Cardiology, Hammersmith Hospital, London, ffSheffield Pulmonary Vascular Disease Unit, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, UK. ***Medical Dept II, Neuwittelsbach Hospital, Munich, ¶¶¶Klinik III für Innere Medizin, Universität zu Köln, Cologne, Germany, ###Institute of Cardiology, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy.Hanno Leuchte*Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine, #AP-HP, Centre de Référence de l‘Hypertension Pulmonaire Sévère, Service de Pneumologie, CHU de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, ¶INSERM U999, IPSIT, Centre Chirurgical Marie-Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, §Centre de Compétences de l'Hypertension Pulmonaire, Service de Cardiologie, Pôle Thorax, Hôpital Charles-Nicolle, and fUniversité de Rouen, Faculté de Médecine, INSERM 1096, Rouen, France. +Dept of Pneumology, Hospital Montecelo, Pontevedra, +++Pulmonary Hypertension Unit, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, §§§Dept of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain. **Norrtälje Hospital, Norrtälje, ##Dept of Cardiology, Lund University, Lund, ++Depts of Cardiology and Physiology, Linköping University Hospital, §§IMH Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden. ¶¶Dept of Cardiology, Hammersmith Hospital, London, ffSheffield Pulmonary Vascular Disease Unit, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, UK. ***Medical Dept II, Neuwittelsbach Hospital, Munich, ¶¶¶Klinik III für Innere Medizin, Universität zu Köln, Cologne, Germany, ###Institute of Cardiology, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy.Alessandra Manes*Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine, #AP-HP, Centre de Référence de l‘Hypertension Pulmonaire Sévère, Service de Pneumologie, CHU de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, ¶INSERM U999, IPSIT, Centre Chirurgical Marie-Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, §Centre de Compétences de l'Hypertension Pulmonaire, Service de Cardiologie, Pôle Thorax, Hôpital Charles-Nicolle, and fUniversité de Rouen, Faculté de Médecine, INSERM 1096, Rouen, France. +Dept of Pneumology, Hospital Montecelo, Pontevedra, +++Pulmonary Hypertension Unit, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, §§§Dept of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain. **Norrtälje Hospital, Norrtälje, ##Dept of Cardiology, Lund University, Lund, ++Depts of Cardiology and Physiology, Linköping University Hospital, §§IMH Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden. ¶¶Dept of Cardiology, Hammersmith Hospital, London, ffSheffield Pulmonary Vascular Disease Unit, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, UK. ***Medical Dept II, Neuwittelsbach Hospital, Munich, ¶¶¶Klinik III für Innere Medizin, Universität zu Köln, Cologne, Germany, ###Institute of Cardiology, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy.Stephan Rosenkranz*Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine, #AP-HP, Centre de Référence de l‘Hypertension Pulmonaire Sévère, Service de Pneumologie, CHU de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, ¶INSERM U999, IPSIT, Centre Chirurgical Marie-Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, §Centre de Compétences de l'Hypertension Pulmonaire, Service de Cardiologie, Pôle Thorax, Hôpital Charles-Nicolle, and fUniversité de Rouen, Faculté de Médecine, INSERM 1096, Rouen, France. +Dept of Pneumology, Hospital Montecelo, Pontevedra, +++Pulmonary Hypertension Unit, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, §§§Dept of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain. **Norrtälje Hospital, Norrtälje, ##Dept of Cardiology, Lund University, Lund, ++Depts of Cardiology and Physiology, Linköping University Hospital, §§IMH Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden. ¶¶Dept of Cardiology, Hammersmith Hospital, London, ffSheffield Pulmonary Vascular Disease Unit, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, UK. ***Medical Dept II, Neuwittelsbach Hospital, Munich, ¶¶¶Klinik III für Innere Medizin, Universität zu Köln, Cologne, Germany, ###Institute of Cardiology, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy.Pilar Escribano*Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine, #AP-HP, Centre de Référence de l‘Hypertension Pulmonaire Sévère, Service de Pneumologie, CHU de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, ¶INSERM U999, IPSIT, Centre Chirurgical Marie-Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, §Centre de Compétences de l'Hypertension Pulmonaire, Service de Cardiologie, Pôle Thorax, Hôpital Charles-Nicolle, and fUniversité de Rouen, Faculté de Médecine, INSERM 1096, Rouen, France. +Dept of Pneumology, Hospital Montecelo, Pontevedra, +++Pulmonary Hypertension Unit, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, §§§Dept of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain. **Norrtälje Hospital, Norrtälje, ##Dept of Cardiology, Lund University, Lund, ++Depts of Cardiology and Physiology, Linköping University Hospital, §§IMH Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden. ¶¶Dept of Cardiology, Hammersmith Hospital, London, ffSheffield Pulmonary Vascular Disease Unit, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, UK. ***Medical Dept II, Neuwittelsbach Hospital, Munich, ¶¶¶Klinik III für Innere Medizin, Universität zu Köln, Cologne, Germany, ###Institute of Cardiology, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy.*Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine, #AP-HP, Centre de Référence de l‘Hypertension Pulmonaire Sévère, Service de Pneumologie, CHU de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, ¶INSERM U999, IPSIT, Centre Chirurgical Marie-Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, §Centre de Compétences de l'Hypertension Pulmonaire, Service de Cardiologie, Pôle Thorax, Hôpital Charles-Nicolle, and fUniversité de Rouen, Faculté de Médecine, INSERM 1096, Rouen, France. +Dept of Pneumology, Hospital Montecelo, Pontevedra, +++Pulmonary Hypertension Unit, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, §§§Dept of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain. **Norrtälje Hospital, Norrtälje, ##Dept of Cardiology, Lund University, Lund, ++Depts of Cardiology and Physiology, Linköping University Hospital, §§IMH Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden. ¶¶Dept of Cardiology, Hammersmith Hospital, London, ffSheffield Pulmonary Vascular Disease Unit, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, UK. ***Medical Dept II, Neuwittelsbach Hospital, Munich, ¶¶¶Klinik III für Innere Medizin, Universität zu Köln, Cologne, Germany, ###Institute of Cardiology, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
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